Nepal is one of the mountainous countries. As Nepal becoming a land locked country which is situated between China to the North and India to the South East and West. The area of Nepal is 1, 47, 181 sq. km which covers 0.03 percent area of the World. It lies between the latitudes of 26’ 22’ and 30’ 27’ North and longitudes of 80’ 4’ and 88’ 12’ East. Traditionally Nepal has been characterized as a yam caught between two rocks. Its shape is roughly in the rectangular. The topography changes dramatically within a short lateral distance. There is a narrow strip of low lands in the south, Himalayan foot hills and range. At the east west across the highest peak situated each over 8000m. Geographically Nepal is divided into the three main Regions. The Tarai Region, the Himalayan Region and the Hilly Region.
The Tarai Region
In the complete topographic contract to the Himalayan and hil region, the tarai region is a lowland tropical and subtropical belt of flat, alluvial land stretching. The tarai region covers 17 percent of the total with an altitude of 70m to 600m above sea level. This is the region of religious icons, national parks and wild life reserves. The tarai includes the several valleys like Surkhet and Dang valley in the western Nepal and the Rapti Valley in central Nepal. The word tarai Region is hot and humid. The tarai region includes the famous three rivers the Kosi, the Narayani and the Karnali. In context of farm and forest lands, the tarai was the tarai is richest economic region. The agricultural land in the tarai region is fertile and flat. Here in the tarai region the most famous holy places like janakpur, Lumbini and Barahachhetra is situated. Lumbini was the birth place of Lord Gautam Buddha who is known as the peace maker in the country. Janakpur the great holy place of the ram temple. There are four national parks and wild life reserves in the tarai region. Among this four National Parks the Royal Chitwan National Park is one of the largest one where we can find the different kinds of birds and animals. Especially the rhinoceros are most attraction in this National Park. This region is also noticed for the trekkers for their adventure one. Also there are more and more different kinds of natural beauty and the historical places are located which easily attract the tourist.
The Mountainous Region
The mountainous region covers 15 percent of the total land area of the northern side of the country at the attitudes of 4700m and higher. The mountainous region is called Parbat in Nepali. The mountainous region constitutes the central portion of the Himalayan range originating in the Pamirs a high altitude region of Central Asia. In this region snow falls every seasons and mountains such as Everest which is highest peak about 8848m attracted for the adventures for many peoples. Another attraction in this region is the big rivers and several National Parks, Wild life reserves and World Heritage sites. Basically in this region the Sherpa settlements and snow bears and yeti footprints are also the attraction. This region is characterized by inclement climate and irregular topographic conditions. The human habitation and economic activities are extremely limited and arduous. So the main source of their income is from the yak. Accordance with seasonal climatic rhythms and traders migrated seasonally from the highlands and lowlands in order to buying and selling goods and commodities to generate needed income and to secure food supplies.
The Hilly Region
The hilly region covers the 68 percent of the country and is formed by the Mahabharata range. The Hill Region is situated south of the mountain region and is 1000 and 4000 meters in altitudes. In winter snow falls in the higher areas. The Kathmandu Valley which is the most famous for the fertile and the urbanized area. Two main ranges of hills known as the Mahabharata Lekh and Siwalik Range occupy the region. The most beautiful valley Katmandu and Pokhara famous for its lakes. Pokhara includes Phewa, Begnas, Rupa etc. Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali the main three famous rivers. Addition to that Nagarkot and Dhulikhel the heart-stopping beauty of a sunrise. There are several intermediate valleys. Despite its geographical isolation and limited economic potential, the region always has been the political and cultural center in the Nepal. The hill region has been the most populated area. The hill landscapes were both a natural and cultural mosaic. Although agricultural was the predominant economic activity supplemented by livestock rising, and seasonal migrating of laborers. The main occupation in the hill region people is agricultural. The families were force to adapt to the marginality, as well as the seasonality of their environment cultivating whatever would survive. During the slack season, the crops cannot be permitted so they are dependent I in the non agricultural activities.
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